Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Human Behavior Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Behavior Experiment - Essay Example The video fabricates understanding, utilizing the two cases, on the observer impact wonder (The Human Behavior Experiments, 2014). The video clarifies that people will follow authority in any event, when the individual knows that it will bring about a pessimistic encounter. The Milgram’s try was liable for such an investigation whereby electric stuns were believed to be directed at whatever point the student neglected to address the inquiries accurately. Likewise, the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) by Zimbardo enhanced the examination by representing that individuals would ceaselessly follow authority aimlessly. The purpose behind such a demonstration is, that the individuals with power are thought of being ethically right. Accordingly, individuals are obliged to follow the requests given by such individuals for the situation where they figure defiance would have desperate outcomes. In that capacity, authority is regarded to be lawfully based and people have a duty to react to authentic position. The narrative applies to criminal equity as in each individual is subject to any hardships that happen in their essence on the off chance that it is considered that they acted in a uninformed and careless way. All things considered, it is a criminal offense to flee or neglect to help a person who needs dire assistance before their end. What's more, the law implementers are answerable for alleviating wrongdoing. Accordingly, neglecting to consolidate them to a crime comprises a wrongdoing against the state; henceforth, a criminal offense. People have a sole duty to report instances of crimes, in case they stand at risk to any disasters. Specialists should know their jobs when taking care of transgressors. In that capacity, suspects or detainees could never need to agree to brutal requests from the officials. What's more, there should be stages for announcing instances of impropriety that power people to obey orders aimlessly. It is judicious to take note of that people have an obligation to apply moral judgment past the legitimate

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Institutionalization Essay -- Business, Multinational Companies

The quick paced, ever changing, and unpredictable business atmosphere of today influences the capacity of global organizations, for example, Hewlett-Packard to continue an upper hand. In 2002 the organization directed a disputable obtaining of Compaq which prompted lay-offs, infighting, and affected their capacity to execute basic changes. Hewlett-Packard is a broadly regarded organization known for executing constant improvement all through all degrees of the organization. In any case, the test all organizations face is the capacity to execute and continue intercession programs over some undefined time frame to the extent that the progressions become some portion of the organization’s capacities. Therefore, the methodologies and system Hewlett-Packard used to systematize intercession programs since its commencement will be analyzed. Organization Process Standardization is inserting change forms welcomed on by powerful mediations to an organization’s working for a recommended timeframe. Additionally the procedure of standardization comprises of socialization, responsibility, reward portion, dissemination, and detecting and alignment. They are the side-effects of two measurements: association qualities, (for example, harmoniousness and unionization) and mediation attributes (objective particularity and programmability). When Hewlett-Packard (HP) procured Compaq in 2002, the mix of these two measurements delivered the standardization forms. As indicated by Cummings and Worley (2009), there are five variables of the organization procedure (socialization, responsibility, reward designation, dispersion, and detecting and alignment) that decide long haul execution of mediations. As such, how much these fa... ...ist associations must keep up consistent cautiousness over ecological powers, for example, the economy and inward powers, for example, worker activities and practices that sabotage the change procedure (Cummings and Worley, 2009). End Change techniques are a piece of each organization’s structure. All together for an association to have accomplishment with actualizing tireless change all or most of organization factors sketched out must be available. The most convincing part of Hewlett-Packard’s mediations was accentuation on focusing fair and square of progress at both the association and office level. At last, the forceful basic changes Hewlett-Packard started over the span of its reality mirrors the vital arranging and hazard related with supporting an upper hand in the profoundly unstable data innovation industry.

Monday, August 10, 2020

Your path to Illinois starts here!

Your path to Illinois starts here! Hey, y’all! I’m back! Back to talk to you about how to start your Illinois journey. I’ve said it before, and I’ll say it again, the college search process is overwhelming. I hope this post will help you, no matter where you are in school or the world, make a little more sense of finding the perfect school for you and feeling more confident in your college search. Also, check out our full action plan. For everyone… Request more information from our office! We have a team here to provide you with information that YOU want. By filling out that form, you’ll get on our mailing list and we’ll send you personalized communication based on your interest. So seriously, freshman-seniors fill out the form. If you’re just starting your search What are you looking for in a college? Size? Location? Major? Financial aid package? I recommend narrowing down your options by thinking about your non-negotiables. For me, I knew I wanted to stay in Illinois, but some people may be looking for rankings, access to resources, etc. How to prepare inside the classroom Talk to your counselor to make sure youre taking challenging classes and are on track to meet our  admissions  requirements. After creating a list of your preferences and strengths, narrow down your academic interests until you have a  major or two  in  mind. Take the PSAT tests and prepare to take the ACT/SAT during your junior year. How to prepare outside the classroom We admit great students that have succeeded inside and outside of the classroom. We look for your extracurricular activities to provide leadership opportunities and prove that you’re able to balance your time. Sometimes these involvements relate to future careers, and that’s even better! SENIORS! We made something just for you, seriously. Check out our Senior Calendar. And I’d recommend using this calendar, or something like it, for every single  school you’re applying to, keeping all of your dates and deadlines in one place. Now let’s talk Illinois Need a reason to consider Illinois?  How about 200+? Also, we offer AWESOME summer programs  hosted on our campus to learn a whole lot and see what life at Illinois is  like. These programs fill up fast, so have them on your radar early! Oh and visit, visit,  visit. Whether you come to campus or check out our virtual tours, we want to give you plenty of opportunities to picture yourself as an Illini. Ready?! Until next time@kaci_uofi Kaci Admissions Counselor I work extensively with our large campus visit programs to give our prospective students first-hand experience of life at Illinois. I grew up in and around Champaign-Urbana, but most recently I moved from northwest Ohio, where I finished my master’s degree in College Student Personnel.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Uncle Toms Cabin Movie Review Essay - 634 Words

The movie Uncle Toms Cabin is a movie that moves many people. This is a movie that displays Harriet Beecher Stowes immortal classic of an American literature. Also Uncle Toms Cabin is a book that Abraham Lincoln credited with the starting of the civil war. Uncle Toms Cabin is the eyewitness story about the slavery in the Deep South. Although Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote the book in 1852 the release of this book and later the movie were one of the few that told of the hardships crossed with the old ways of slavery. In the beginning of the movie Uncle Toms Cabin it shows how the slaves were bought and sold. Although some of the southern plantation owners treated their slaves with respect and like normal people, these owners†¦show more content†¦But since Eliza is now gone, Simon still wants a slave women to tend to him, so he then takes Eliza sister named Cassy. After Simon carefully inspects the slaves he takes them on a ferryboat to Louisiana. On this ferryboat the daughter of Mr. Saint Claire named Eva takes a very strong liking to Uncle Tom. She watches as they are brought on the boat in shackles and cuffs and wants to know why they are treated so badly. Her father tells her that not all slave owners are nice to their slaves like they are. Eva visits the slaves every night and listens to them sing their spiritual songs that help them along the journey of slavery. She begs and pleads with her father to buy Uncle Tom. Knowing that Uncle Tom is getting older Simon sells him at a very high price of $2,000 dollars, making his money back on Napoleon the slave that jumped off the ferryboat and was eaten by alligators. Once at Simon Legrees cotton plantation the slaves are put to work. All this time Cassy the sister of Eliza is forced to please Mr. Legree. Now with Tom living in the home of Mr. Saint Claire he is a very respected and liked slave. Eva spends most of her time with Uncle Tom since her mother is very ill with migraine headaches. After Eva witnesses her father kissing Harriet the other women living in their house, Eva is completely shattered. She does not sleep in her bed that night and is found out in her castle half alive. After being brought in theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Editorial Rolling Papers The Denver Posts Fall From Grace 1378 Words   |  6 Pagesprint journalism as if this is new or uncharted territory. The story starts with the head of The Denver Post assigning Ricardo Baca as the first ever â€Å"Pot Editor† for the paper. Baca then starts a website known as The Cannabist for critics to post reviews on various strain of marijuana. The reason Baca does this is expressed well by Greg Moore, editor of the Post, who highlights the paper’s prioritizing of marijuana coverage was a  "survival tactic† for the newspaper more so than anything else. ThusRead MoreThe Issues of Race and Ethnicity in Hollywood Cinema2881 Words   |  12 Pagesevolved out the vaudeville shows that, among other things, featured white actors in black-face performing racist stereotypes of blacks. In fact, the earliest known example of a black character in American film comes from a 1903 adaptation of Uncle Toms Cabin, in which the titular character was played by a nameless, slightly overweight white actor made up in black-face (Bogle 3). The actual casting of black actors to play black characters did not really begin until the 1920s, but even then theyRead MoreLiterary Items And Cinematic Arts2309 Words   |  10 Pagespreferred losing themselves in a book rather than watching a movie. There is now scientific evidence to support their preference. Books and movies undoubtedly have similarities. They can both lead to changes in societal viewpoints as evidenced by the film â€Å"Reefer Madness† which at the time altered society’s viewpoint on the use of marijuana, television’s â€Å"Modern Family† and the instance of homosexuality, and literature’s â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† which lead to the abolition of slavery by humanizing AfricanRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship Of Written Books1890 Words   |  8 Pagesfreely, voice their own opinions, and to have overall the right to be free of the governments restrictions on their personal liberties, (http://www.ala.org/advocacy/intfreedom/censorship). Most historians believe that Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was considered the first book in the United States to receive a ban on a national scale. The Confederacy banned the book from stores not only for its pro-abolitionist themes, but also because it provided heated debates about the moral issuesRead More Political Communication in Oliver Stone’s Platoon and JFK Essay4747 Words   |  19 Pagesmilitary-industrial complex may have caused the assassination. While Platoon specifically focused on changing people’s perceptions about the Vietnam War, JFK in particular encouraged more openness from the government. Platoon Background behind the Movie: In Platoon, Oliver Stone presents an adventuresome and introspective, hell-bent and morally inclined† combat war film whose tone â€Å"seemed to deglamorize war, while the charged action and intense conflicts undeniably provided steamrolling entertainment†Read MoreSymbolic Meaning of the Land in Gone with the Wind6993 Words   |  28 Pagesspiritual world of human beings as well as the reliance on it for the modern American. Key words: land; Tara; sociology of novels; slavery civilization; spiritual world Contents Chapter 1 IntroductionÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…3 Chapter 2 Literature ReviewÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...4 2.1 Brief Introduction of Margaret Mitchell and Gone with the WindÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…4 2.2 Previous Researches of Gone with the WindÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….4 2.3 The Views about Sociology of NovelsÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..5 Chapter 3 NarrativeRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageslike an Indian squaws, was a lighter shade of brown than Langstons. Carrie Hughes worked in Topeka as a stenographer for a black attorney and as a clerk for a newspaper. Occasionally, on weekends, she would take Langston to Kansas City. His Uncle Dessalines owned a barbershop in a black neighborhood, where peoples lifestyles were far different from that of his strict grandmother in Lawrence. Langston roamed the streets near the barbershop. He played the nickelodeon and listened to street musiciansRead More111135197X 38570 Essay example17696 Words   |  71 PagesI have taken NMRI classes, read many papers about NMRI, and done a variety of experiments using this technique. I hope to expand my practical experience in this area by getting this internship with your company. I have included my rà ©sumà © for your review. I hope to hear from you soon. Exercise 7 (page 52) It takes a great deal of courage for a person to leave his or her family and start life all over again in another country. The person must not only face many changes alone but also separate from

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

A Political Philosophy Of Erich Przywara s Analogia Entis

There is no explicit political philosophy found in Erich Przywara’s Analogia Entis. While he seems to analyze nearly every school of Western philosophy, the one philosophical movement he barely acknowledges is the Enlightenment, which arguably lays the groundwork for much of Western political thought. However if one compares Przywara with political thinkers of the Enlightenment, he shares quite a lot with Edmund Burke, the father of conservatism. Before analyzing their ideologies, it is important to recognize both men lived through similar circumstances. Burke and Przywara both lived through a turbulent time of political instability. During the French Revolution, Burke recognized the faults with the French. In his Reflections on the†¦show more content†¦With this being said it is not the midpoint between these positions; Przywara uses Lateran IV’s formula â€Å"for every similarity there is an ever greater dissimilarity.† Burkean conservatism, similarly, is almost a spanning of other political philosophies. Take two other political philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, specifically regarding the nature of the state. Hobbes seems to take the univocal position; the state is the unification of the people, the body, and the king as the head, forming the Leviathan. With this being said the position flips into equivocity, because the king is seen as the â€Å"greater dissimilarity.† The problem Hobbes runs into is his absolutism; if the king becomes a tyrant, all the citizens can do is to wait for a new king. (Duncan) On the other hand Rousseau seems to take the equivocal position, believing the formal nature of the state is almost unnatural. Rousseau however falls into the same dialectical flipping, switching to a univocal position, specifically his notion of the social contract. Since all men are created equally, it becomes the duty of the citizenry to depose of tyrannical ruler. (Bertram) These two ideologies la ck the â€Å"rhythm† of analogy, leading to the ideological collapse. Przywara explains this collapse as the â€Å"either-or abrupt change† cause by the dialectic (Przywara 206). Burke, however, does not seem to make the same

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Warm Bodies Step three living Free Essays

Nora Greene is in the square by the Stadium’s main gate, standing with General Rosso in front of a huge crowd. She is a little nervous. She wishes she had smoked before coming out today, but it seemed inappropriate somehow. We will write a custom essay sample on Warm Bodies Step three living or any similar topic only for you Order Now She wanted a clear head for this occasion. ‘Okay, folks,’ Rosso begins, straining his reedy voice to reach the back of the assembly spilling out into the far streets. ‘We’ve prepared you for this as best we could, but I know it may still be a little . . . uncomfortable.’ Not everyone in the Stadium is here, but everyone who wants to be is. The rest are hiding behind locked doors with guns drawn, but Nora hopes they’ll come out eventually to see what’s going on. ‘Let me just assure you once again that you are not in any danger,’ Rosso continues. ‘The situation has changed.’ Rosso looks at Nora and nods. The guards pull open the gate, and Nora shouts, ‘Come on in, guys!’ One by one, still clumsy but walking more or less straight, they wander into the Stadium. The Half-Dead. The Nearly-Living. The crowd murmurs anxiously and contracts as the zombies form a loose line in front of the gate. ‘These are just a few of them,’ Nora says, moving forward to address the people. ‘There are more out there every day. They’re trying to cure themselves. They’re trying to cure the plague, and we need to do whatever we can to help.’ ‘Like what?’ someone shouts. ‘We’re going to study it,’ Rosso says. ‘Get close to it, knead it and wring it until answers start to emerge. I know it’s vague, but we have to start somewhere.’ ‘Talk to them,’ Nora says. ‘I know it’s scary at first, but look them in the eyes. Tell them your name and ask them theirs.’ ‘Don’t worry,’ Rosso says. ‘Each one will have a guard assigned to them at all times, but try to believe that they won’t hurt you. We have to entertain the idea that this can work.’ Nora steps back to let the crowd come forward. Cautiously, they do. They approach the zombies, while wary guards keep rifles trained. For their part, the zombies are handling this awkward experience with admirable patience. They just stand there and wait, some of them attempting affable grins while trying to ignore the laser dots jittering on their foreheads. Nora moves to join the people, crossing her fingers behind her back and hoping for the best. ‘Hi there.’ She turns towards the voice. One of the zombies is watching her. He steps forwards from the line and gives her a smile. His lips are thin and slightly mangled under a short blond beard, but they, along with countless other wounds on his body, appear to be healing. ‘Um . . . hello . . .’ Nora says, glancing up and down his considerable height. He must be well over six feet. He’s a little heavyset, but his muscular arms strain his tattered shirt. His perfectly bald head gleams like a pale grey pearl. ‘I’m Nora,’ she says, tugging at her curls. ‘My name is Mm . . . arcus,’ he says, his voice a velvety rumble. ‘And you’re . . . the most beautiful woman . . . I’ve ever seen.’ Nora giggles and twirls her hair faster. ‘Oh my.’ She reaches out a hand. ‘Nice to meet you . . . Marcus.’ The boy is in the airport. The hallways are dark, but he’s not scared. He runs through the shadowed food court, past all the unlit signs and mouldy leftovers, half-finished beers and cold pad thai. He hears the rattle of a solitary skeleton wandering in an adjacent corridor and quickly changes course, darting around the corner without pausing. The Boneys are slow now. The moment the boy’s dad and stepmom first came back here, something happened to them all. Now they wander aimlessly like bees in winter. They stand motionless, obsolete equipment waiting to be replaced. The boy is carrying a box. It’s empty now, but his arms are tired. He runs into the connecting overpass and stops to get his bearings. ‘Alex!’ The boy’s sister appears behind him. She’s carrying a box, too. She has bits of tape stuck all over her fingers. ‘All done, Joan?’ ‘All done!’ ‘Okay. Let’s go get more.’ They run down the corridor. As they hit the conveyer, the power comes back on and the belt lurches under their feet. The boy and the girl are running barefoot at the speed of light, flying down the corridor like loping deer while the morning sun drifts up behind them. At the end of the corridor they nearly collide with another group of kids, all holding boxes. ‘All done,’ the kids say. ‘Okay,’ Alex says, and they run together. Some of the kids still wear tatters. Some of them are still grey. But most of them are alive. The kids lacked the instinctual programming of the adults. They had to be taught how to do everything. How to kill easily, how to wander aimlessly, how to sway and groan and properly rot away. But now the classes have stopped. No one is teaching them, and like perennial bulbs dried up and waiting in the winter earth, they are bursting back to life all on their own. The fluorescent lights flicker and buzz, and the sound of a record needle scratches onto the speakers overhead. Some enterprising soul has hijacked the airport PA system. Sweet, swooning strings swell into the gloom, and Francis Albert Sinatra’s voice echoes lonely in the empty halls. Something wonderful happens in summer . . . when the sky is a heavenly blue . . . The dusty speakers pop and sizzle, short out and distort. The record skips. But it’s the first time in years this place’s inert air has been stirred by music. As the kids run to the Arrivals gate to get fresh boxes, fresh rolls of tape, they pass a pale figure shambling down the hall. The zombie glances at the Living children as they run past, but doesn’t pursue them. Her appetite has been waning lately. She doesn’t feel the hunger like she used to. She watches the kids disappear around the corner, then continues on her way. She doesn’t know where she’s going exactly, but there’s a white glow at the end of this hallway, and it looks nice. She stumbles towards it. Something wonderful happens in summer . . . when the moon makes you feel all aglow . . . You fall in love, you fall in love . . . you want the whole world to know . . . She emerges into the waiting area of Gate 12, flooded with bright morning sunlight. Something in here is different than before. On the floor-to-ceiling windows overlooking the runways, someone has taped small photos to the glass. Side by side and stacked about five squares high, they form a strip that runs all the way to the end of the room. Something wonderful happens in summer . . . and it happens to only a few. But when it does . . . yes when it does . . . The zombie approaches the photos warily. She stands in front of them, staring with mouth slightly agape. A girl climbing an apple tree. A kid spraying his brother with a hose. A woman playing a cello. An elderly couple gently touching. A boy with a dog. A boy crying. A newborn deep in sleep. And one older photo, creased and faded: a family at a water park. A man, a woman and a little blonde girl, smiling and squinting in the sun. The zombie stares at this mysterious and sprawling collage. The sunlight glints off the name tag on her chest, so bright it hurts her eyes. For hours she stands there, motionless. Then she takes in a slow breath. Her first in months. Dangling limply at her sides, her fingers twitch to the music. ‘R.’ How to cite Warm Bodies Step three living, Essay examples

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Argument on Online Gambling

Question: Write about the Argument on Online Gambling. Answer: Initially gambling or betting starts with a curious and an apparently innocuous orientation for every individual but in most of the cases it tends to become an unhealthy addiction resulting in serious consequences. Whether it is the case of online gambling or real life betting, it becomes a matter of concern when it strains human relationships and most importantly, causes financial disaster (Gainsbury, 2012). With the world increasingly being digital, online betting has become the present rage among the gamblers, as it is impracticable to monitor innumerable netizens on regular basis. However, realizing the need to satisfy the impulse of gamblers, Singapore government has shown green light to the two lottery operators in the country to offer their clients the option of online gambling (Kotwani Chia, 2016). The essay attempts to form an opinion on to what extent this decision of Singapore government is justified weighing the pros and cons of online gambling practice. The term online gambling originated with the trend of betting availing the open online casinos. The invasive usage of internet has enabled the gamblers to enjoy unhindered betting on the net and the establishment of companies providing security to online transactions has made gambling viable more than ever (COR160 Essential Academic Writing Skills, 2017). Due to its easy accessibility, online gambling produces huge revenues every year, which happens to form a considerable part of national income of many countries. Concentrating on the special case of Singapore, where online gambling has been legalized through two lottery-operating organizations, it becomes essential to investigate what possible moral, ethical and social implications the decision can have. With the legalization of the online gambling sites, the inclination towards betting is bound to be high among people and their moral values may face an encroachment of the adrenaline rush for gambling (Lin, 2016). Addiction to online gambling contains pernicious impact on the moral sides of individuals. One common violation of human morals can be observed in degrading relationships; the temperament of regular gamblers is likely to become unpredictable, much as the game itself and their behavior with other persons also violate the rules of manners. Besides, with the growing addiction to online gambling, people are being found neglecting their job and spending time on gambling sites even at the time of work (Campbell, 2015). The worst moral vio lation happens when gamblers, if faced with heavy financial loss, tend to steal money or forcefully take away money from household expenses. On the other hand, online gambling offers a rather complex concern regarding gambling addiction and ethics. Especially in the case of online betting, the addiction is supplied with convenience and comfort of home and this is believed to diminish the gamblers ability to defy the impulse of earning money with minimum investment. In addition, the legal stamp that has now on these activities will embolden the gamblers to pursue their unethical addiction (Kotwani Chia, 2016). Research on this matter further supports the view that online gambling is likely to fascinate a person more promptly than the real life casinos can ever do. Concentrating on social impacts of online gambling, it does not have much difference with the insidious social implications of real life gambling. Both of these have seen to give rise in general criminality in relations to street crimes and the ones that are more violent (Smethurst, 2014). Online gambling, having green signal from the government can encompass two implications. In the first place, this legalized form of gambling is expected to curb down underground mischief and the ruthlessness of the loan sharks as well as this accepted form of gambling will also resist the illegal bookies to encash the impulse of gamblers and gather round their ill-gotten gains (COR160 Essential Academic Writing Skills, 2017). However, the threat of adverse socio-economic consequence of this decision will always remain there. Singapore governments recent decision of legalizing online gambling has given rise to several controversies, some standing for the decision while some against. The strongest point that has been raised time and again to support this decision is economic; it is an unavoidable fact that legal form of betting sustains a countrys economy by generating more amount of taxes that the government intends to spend on noble and charitable causes (Horridge, 2015). Thus, the loss of tax evasion that Singapore used to suffer earlier will not be the case from now on. Apart from this, online casinos are essentially entitled to rigorous moderations and have to go through strict norms in order to be legalized. This maintains the game play to remain fair, random and un-exploitative. Legal online gambling also ensures the financial safety of the punters whereas in many of the illegal online sites the clients have the experience of being robbed of their credit card details (Statutes.agc.gov.sg, 2014). Despite all these points well raised by the Singapore government in support of their decision, they cannot evade the destructive aspects that online gambling, when legalized entails. Firstly, this will give rise to the number of problem gamblers in an unprecedented rate as well as social and domestic violence rate in the nation is likely to see considerable growth (Lin, 2016). Among the unfavorable economic impacts, the wealth distribution in society will be unevenly distributed. Besides, study reveals that in the regions where gambling has been legalized, suicide rates have gone higher and an overall depression prevails on the mental health of individuals associated with it. In addition, if online gambling is permitted small recreational and entertainment providing business establishments will suffer. Lastly, there is no denying to the fact that legalizing any form of gambling will increase chances of bankruptcy and most importantly, it is synonymous to encourage countrymen to be in volved in something amoral and unethical (Gainsbury, 2012). Having discussed all the pros and cons of the Singapore governments decision to allow the two lottery operators Turf Club and Singapore Pools to offer online gambling, it is undeniable that there are more disadvantages than advantages. Admitting the fact that among all the unethical activities in which people tend to become downright involved, online gambling is apparently the most harmless of them all, the other pernicious possibilities of this decision cannot be avoided. Legalized online gambling may strengthen the countrys economy and satisfy the impulse of gamblers but it makes people most vulnerable by taking them into the spiral of addiction and thus, destructing their lives without them being aware. References: COR160 Essential Academic Writing Skills. (2017) (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/1312552_163296938_COR160Jan17TMA02%20(1).pdf Gainsbury, S. (2012). Internet gambling. New York: Springer. Horridge, K. (2015). Benefits of Legalized Gambling; The Economic To The Social. Casino.org Blog. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from https://www.casino.org/blog/gambling-and-the-law-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ridiculous/ Kotwani, M., Chia, L. (2016). Government exempts Singapore Pools, Turf Club from online gambling ban. Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/government-exempts-singapore-pools-turf-club-from-online/3162930.html Lin, M. (2016). Concerns that legalised online gambling may lead to more problem gambling and social ills. The Straits Times. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/concerns-that-legalised-online-gambling-may-lead-to-more-problem-gambling-and-social-ills Remote Gambling Act 2014. (2014). Statutes.agc.gov.sg. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from https://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;page=0;query=DocId%3A%222b7199b4-0337-4dc1-9e6d-b0e7c9c076d5%22%20Status%3Apublished%20Depth%3A0%20TransactionTime%3A20160825000000;rec=0 Campbell, J. (2015). Law Enforcement Implications of Illegal Online Gambling. Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/news/testimony/law-enforcement-implications-of-illegal-online-gambling Smethurst, E. (2014). The Social Impact of Problem Gambling. Gordon Moody Association. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from https://www.gordonmoody.org.uk/blog/the-social-impact-of-problem-gambling

Monday, March 23, 2020

Slavery Is The South Essays - Slavery In The United States

Slavery is the South Essay #3 Slavery played a dominating and critical role in much of Southern life. In the struggle for control in America, slavery was the South's stronghold and the hidden motive behind many political actions and economic statistics. By dominating Southern life, slavery also dominated the economic and political aspects of life in the South from 1840 to 1860. By the 1840's and 50's the Southern economy had almost completely become slave and cash crop agriculture based. Without slaves in the south a person was left either landless and penniless or struggling to get by on a small farm. However, even though slaves dominated the southern economy, slaveholders only included about 2 to 3 percent of the population. This small percentage was the amount of people successful in a slave based, cash crop agricultural, Southern economy. Therefore, the Southern economy was controlled and dominated by those who did and did not have slaves. Furthermore, with the high demand for Southern items in Europe and Northern America more slaves were needed in the South to produce these cash crops. Without slaves there would be no cotton, tobacco, or sugar production and without these integral items the Southern economy would absolutely fail. The South depended on slaves to fuel their economy and therefore slavery dominated their economy. Between 1840 and 1860 many political issues, debates, and actions were inflamed by slavery. As America grew, the South wanted more slave states and the North wanted more free states to increase their hold in politics. One important act that fueled the slavery dominated political world of 1840 to 1860 was the Kansas and Nebraska act written by Stephen Douglas. This act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and called for popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska which under the Missouri Compromise had been free. The Missouri Compromise was originally an act to settle disputes about free states and slave states entering the Union. To repeal this was to almost beg for revolution; hence "Bleeding Kansas" which included the John Brown riots and caused political uproar. The Kansas and Nebraska act was a disruptive and shortsighted solution to a complicated and commanding political issue. The Compromise of 1850 was another weak solution to the dominating problem of run-away slaves and the issue of slavery in new territories. This Compromise created stronger fugitive slave laws which satisfied Southern slave catchers and enraged Northern abolitionists. The compromise also made California a free state, the Mexican Cession subject to popular sovereignty, and dictated that there would be no slave trade in Washington D.C., but it would remain a slave state. All of these things under the Compromise and the reaction they caused led to slavery becoming an even more dominating issue in 1850 America. Another significant political issue was the Dred Scott decision. Dred Scott was a slave who had been taken into a free territory by his owner. A "Free-Soiler" then convinced Scott to sue his master for his freedom. In 1857, Supreme Court Justice Robert Taney declared that Dred Scott was property and not a citizen, and property can not sue. Taney went even further in his decision to declare the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and rule slavery could not be forbidden anywhere. Many Northerners, Abolitionists, and "Free-Soilers" were infuriated by this decision. From 1820 to 1860 slavery was a "hot topic" in Congress and the House of Representatives. In a way, it even caused the Civil War and in the end was perceived as the main reason for fighting it. All political issues during this time could not be discussed without the topic of slavery behind it. Slavery dominated all political issues. A Georgia editor in 1860 commented; "Negro Slavery is the South, and the South is Negro Slavery", an absolutely true statement. Slavery lead and dominated the South's economy and political actions. Nothing was ever handled in the South without slavery being a part of it. Through good times and bad, slavery was the "dominating reality of all Southern life".

Friday, March 6, 2020

American Roots Music

American Roots Music Evolution is often thought of as a process in which man has evolved from a single cell life form to the complex being we are now. The music we listen to today has also evolved from its simplistic beginnings to the modern, sophisticated, commercial, and digital era that has become the listening buffet we seat ourselves to everyday. This evolution that music realizes is a trend that continues in its growth today and will always be a changing, metamorphic entity that enriches and guides our cultural and social identities.The music that began in its simplest form here in America over 100 years ago was brought here by immigrants from their homeland. If America is known as the melting pot, then its music would surely be the broth that gives the soup its distinct flavor. This music that manifests itself in these early American times is as complex as the individuals that enjoyed it.English:This complexity and ability to adapt and change gives music it roots system. This roots system gives mu sic its canvas to paint on, and as music has endured, so have the patrons that utilize this form of expression. This is where we find our American roots music.For many hundreds of years, man has enjoyed and played music for various reasons: meditation, dancing, rituals, entertainment, to express feelings, to reflect on past events and to display what is happening in his world. In the coming of age in this country, music has been used for all of these, but none have been so important in making this country what it is today as the music that has reflected on past events and that shows what is happening in the country at the time that it was written.American roots music has one of its contributors in...

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Human Genome Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Genome Project - Essay Example The private sector also pursues only those projects which do not need extensive investments over a prolonged period, can generate profits within a reasonable time and do not have long gestation period.. Public enterprises on the other hand cannot be seen to operate only under consideration of profit and have to act in the interest of the larger public good. However efficiencies in the public sector are limited as incentives and motivations do not encourage a culture of efficiency and urgency. While keeping in view its importance, the HGP has to be pursued with greater speed and exigency. This entails a private and public partnership which can seek the benefits of both the sectors and has been the trend in pursuance of the HGP. Thus there are a number of privately funded concerns such as Celera Genomics and Incyte who are involved in the HGP while international and national government bodies such as the National Institute of Health, US Welcome Trust, and Sanger Institute in the UK are also very intimately involved in these projects. A similar initiative in the international field is the pursuance of the Human Genome Initiative or HGI which is attempting to map a comprehensive genetic and physical mads for every single human chromosome for all the known 24 ones and also evolve a total DNA sequence of the human genome. This is also following a private-public partnership based on complexity of the project and need for greater impetus. Advantages Economic Benefit The HGP is a project with extensive applications in wide ranging fields such as clinical medicine, agriculture and livestock, industrial processes, environmental biotechnology and DNA finger printing. (Giants, 2005). Most of the research is pioneering with limited precedence. The economic benefit of a private-public partnership is particularly evident in the HGP. This requires very heavy investments which have a long period of gestation. The public sector has the capacity to absorb such long term investments easily as financing of public projects is made on a long term basis. However there are limitations to which specific projects can be financed by public funds and there are invariably far too many caveats for expenditure of public money. This shortcoming of public funding can be overcome by use of private investments. Thus venture capitalists, investors and stock owners can be brought in to invest in projects as they are willing to put in money in companies which are profit making . The HGP is considered a highly lucrative project commercially and has numerous spin offs and hence a large number of companies are willing to invest in these projects. It is estimated by Nature magazine that the bioinformatics industry will have an output in excess of $1 billion per year. (Nature, 2001). Thus the scale of investments that can come in through these private and public partnerships is very high and cannot be envisaged if these are undertaken only through initiatives by either of the sectors. Overcoming Bureaucratic Restrictions of the Public Sector Another advantage of the private sector is its ability to tap

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Why does it matter what shape a molecule has Essay

Why does it matter what shape a molecule has - Essay Example These are the contexts in which the manner in which materials behave are described, whether they are simple gases, or complex biological structures. The bonds between atoms have distinct lengths, energy and direction which distinguish the atomic structure of materials. The shape of a molecule is formed by the spatial relationships of chemically bonded atoms, and this feature contributes significantly to understanding how molecules react with each other. Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between a cation and an anion. The electric field of an ion has spherical symmetry, hence ionic bonds have no directional character. Contrastingly, covalent bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals. Since the overlap is such that the atomic orbitals can attain maximum overlap, a covalent bond has a directional character. Therefore, â€Å"the shape of a molecule is determined by the angle between two bonds, which in turn is determined by the atomic orbitals that form the bond† (Iwanami 2006, p.1). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate why the shape of a molecule is significant in the study of chemistry. ... The attraction between two adjacent non-polar molecules increases in proportion to the area of contact. Generally, the closeness of the tie between the two increases with greater area of van der Waal’s contact attraction and also with the degree of hydrogen bonding. The higher the level of molecular fit, the stronger is the affinity between a molecule and the biomolecular target in therapeutic agents. A therapeutic agent or medicine in aqueous solution is stablized by hydrogen bonding to water and dipolar solvation. It is evident that in medicines, there is a trade-off; they must be sufficiently well solvated to be soluble in water, â€Å"but not so strongly solvated that they cannot be pulled from solution by the target biomolecule† (Corey et al 2012, p.55). Noncyclic organic molecules are usually flexible because the barrier to rotation about single bonds having low energy. Therefore, most medicines’ structures have cyclic subunits with a few preferred conforma tions, sometimes just one. Fig.1a. and 1b. show the conformation of prednisone, a significant anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug, along with the preferred conformation of glucose. Fig.1a. Chemical Structure of Glucose Molecule (Corey et al 2012, p.56) Fig.1b. Prednisone Chemical Structure (Corey et al 2012, p.56) While the molecular formula for glucose is C5H12O6, the formula for prednisone is C21H26O5. â€Å"The polycyclic framework of prednisone is quite rigid and gives the molecule a characteristic shape† (Corey et al 2012, p.56). Concurrently, several polar functional groups are situated at specific sites in space, facilitating their optimal binding to the target molecule. The Different Shapes of Molecules Based on Structure There are compounds with a divalent central

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Judicial Activism In Developing Environmental Jurisprudence In India Politics Essay

Judicial Activism In Developing Environmental Jurisprudence In India Politics Essay In his famous book law in changing society W. Friedman, while dealing with the interaction between law and the society, highlighted the controversy between those who believe that law should essentially follow not lead, and that it should do so slowly, in response to clearly formulated social sentiment and those who believe that law should be determined agent in the creation of new norms. The development of the environmental jurisprudence in India over the last two decades through the innovative judicial decisions of the Honble Supreme Court and the High Courts is probably the great inspiration for those who believe that law is the initiator rather than reactor of the social change. Although after the Stockholm Conference, 1972 and the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster, 1984, almost 200 Central and State legislations were enacted in order to ensure the all aspects of the environmental protection. But the failure on the part of the Governmental agencies to effectively enforce the environmental laws and the reluctance to use their statutory power against the polluters resulted in an accelerated degradation of the environment. Such large scale environmental degradation and the adverse effects on public health prompted the environmental degradation and the adverse effects on public health prompted the environmentalist and the residents of the polluted areas as well as the non-Governmental Organizations to approach the High Courts and the Supreme Court by way of public interest litigation for suitable remedies. In the process of adjudication on the environmental matters, the supreme Court, soon after the Bhopal Gas Leak incident, steps into the shoes of the administrators, marshalling the resources, issue directions to close down factories, requiring the implementation of the environmental norms, cutting of Judges driven implementation of the environmental administration and in doing so the Apex Court has adopted the various principles of international convention of environme ntal protection by environment-friendly interpretation of Articles 21, 48A and 51A(g) of the Constitution of India. But such proactive role of Indian judiciary in environmental matters created new crisis and conflict between environmental protection and the economic development of the country inasmuch as thousands of the industries were closed down by the directions of the Courts on the ground of environmental protection specially in the era of globalization those who are involved in market mechanism are under apprehension that environmental laws will act as a barrier to industrialization and thus strict adherence to the environmental norms will affect the smooth economic development of the country. Moreover in the developing countries like India where population explosion, unemployment and the poverty are fundamental problems of the day to day life, the closure of the several factories on the ground of environmental protection will not only affect the economic development of the country but also directly violates the right of livelihood of the common people. For instance, Delhi the capital of India is regarded by many as a huge gas chamber due to its heavy air population resulting in respiratory and other medical problems to vast section of the city. The Supreme Court of India has no doubt taken salutary steps to check this evil, but its directive to close down factories as also resulted in unemployment of ten thousands of workers. In the present article the author is trying to focus the aforesaid conflict between the environment and the development in the human rights point of view and the significant role of the Indian Judiciary to resolve this conflict. The conflict between environment and development in the human rights perspective: Development is a complex process in which economic development is significant with one common element wherein human being is both the subject and the beneficiary of the development process. The process of development is inhabitable and it involves exploitation of the natural resources and consequently makes an impact on the ecology and the environment. In the era of globalization the growth of economy in all its sphere in general and in the industrial efforts, in particular, necessarily leads to exploitation of the natural resources which in turn often gives rise to issues concerning environmental security. Thus while on the one hand science and industries have contributed significantly to the progress of mankind they have also created a sharp contradiction between natural environmental which was a gift of the nature and the artificial environment which is a creation of the industry. The biggest challenge facing the policy maker today is to avert the ecological crisis without comprom ising with the developmental needs of the present protection. Until very recently the human rights and the rights of environmental protection were regarded as distant areas of public policy by the Governmental Institutions and the Non-Governmental Organizations. The policy makers started to regard the both within a single bracket after cropping up the aforesaid conflict between environment and industrialization due to globalization. Actually the relationship between environment justice and human rights is developed as both are the means to maximize human dignity and well being. But in the developing countries, poverty and unemployment make economic development priority which arises tensions between human rights activists and the environmentalists. Because, the human rights activists give preference to immediate basic human needs such as food, clothing and shelter over the long term environmental concerns. But in the era of globalization, a paradigm shift towards non-state actors international human rights formulated a new concept of sustainable development which provides the means to reconcile the aforesaid conflict. Let us discuss hereinafter how this new human rights jurisprudence is developed in international level. International Conventions on Sustainable Development: The international community responded belatedly way back in 1972 to the ecological crisis by recognizing the question of environmental protection and improvement as a major issue which effect the well-being of the people and the economic development throughout the world. The Stockholm Conference in his declaration proclaim both aspects of the environment, the natural and the man-made, being essentially to the well- being and to the enjoyment of the basic human rights have been the right to life itself 20 years later, the RIO SUMMIT, 1992, said the new agenda for sustainable development and adopted the agenda 21. In the Brundtland Report 1987, for the first time, formulated the new theory of sustainable development in order to resolve conflict between environment and development. The report titled our common future which proposed a definition of sustainable development by stating that sustainable development is the development that meets the need of the present without compromising t he ability of future generation to meet their own need. In order to achieve sustainable development environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it. The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 provided the fundamental principles for achieving sustainable development. The salient feature of sustainable development according to RIO declaration are:- Intergenerational equity use and conservation of the natural resources, environmental protection, the precautionary principles, polluters pay principle, obligation technology transfer on concessional rates to develop countries. Moreover principles 3 and 4 of the Rio Declaration, 1992 are relevant for this issue which are set as under:- Principle 3 The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet development and environmental needs of present and future generation. Principle 4 In order to achieve sustainable development, environmental protection shall constitute an integral part of the development process and cannot be considered in isolation from it. The Johannesburg SUMMIT in 2002 expanded the concept of sustainable development by underscoring the necessity of a better integration of the three pillars of sustainable development namely economic development, social development and environmental protection. The concept of sustainable development was further defined in Article 3 (1A) of the convention for cooperation in the protection and sustainable development of the Marine and Coastal environment of the North Pacific, 2004. For the purpose of this convention sustainable development means the process of progressive change in the quality of human being which place it as the centre and primordial subject of development, by means of economic growth with social security and the transformation of methods of protection and consumption patterns and which is sustained in the ecological balance and vital support of the region. This process implies respect for regional, national and local ethnic and cultural diversity, and full perspective of people in peaceful co-existence and in harmony with the nature without prejudice to an ensuring the quality of life of future generation. Role of Judiciary in the development of Environmental law in India: The judiciary a spectator to environmental exploitation for more than two decades has recently assumed a pro-active role of public educator, policy maker, super-administrator, and more generally, amicus environment. We can say environmental law in India as the story of Indias judiciary responding to the complaints of its citizens against environmental degradation and administrative sloth. The Judiciary looked to constitutional provisions to provide the court with the necessary jurisdiction to address specific issues. Disputes that are normally matters of torts in other common law jurisdictions are treated as fundamental cases in India. But the fundamental rights part of the constitution of India does not have any specific mention of the environmental matters. Here the Supreme Court played a pivotal role. The Supreme Court, in its interpretation of Article 21, has facilitated the emergence of the environmental jurisprudence in India. Supreme Court has essentially interpreted the right to life under Article 21 to include a right to healthy and pollution free environment. A very importance case in this regard is the Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar1. _____________________________________________________________________ (1991) 1 SCC 598. It was observed that Rights to live is a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution and it includes the right of enjoyment of pollution-free water and air for full enjoyment of life. It anything endangers or impairs that quality of life in derogation flaws, a citizen has the right to have recourse to Article 32 of Constitution. In the era of globalization Indian Supreme Court has made an adjustment with its earlier purely environment friendly attitude and under the influence of the Brundtland Report, 1987 and the Rio declaration, 1992 the Apex Court has introduced a new concept of sustainable development and its ancillary principles like precautionary principle, polluters pay principle and intergenerational equity etc. In order to resolve the contemporary conflict between environment and development let us discuss hereinafter how our Apex Court has adopted and applied those principles of international convention in its several judicial pronouncement. Supreme Court on Sustainable development: In M.C. Mehta v. Union of India2 is one of the earliest case that the Supreme Court had indirectly dealt with question of Sustainable development and Supreme Court held that : Life, Public health and ecology has priority over unemployment and loss of revenue problem. One of the earliest cases in which the Supreme Court has to deal with the question of the Development v. Environment is Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. Dehradun v. State of U.P. 3 In this case the matter related to illegal and unauthorized mining that was causing ecological imbalance and also causing environmental disturbance. The court rightly pointed out that it is always to be remembered that these are permanent assets and not to be exhausted in one generation and thus holding that the environmental protection and ecological balance should also are equally important as the economical development of the country. The Supreme Court after much investigation, ordered the stopping of mining work and held that: This would undoubtedly cause hardship to them, but it is a price that has to be paid for protecting and safeguarding the right of the people to live in healthy environment with minimal disturbance of ecological balance and without avoidable hazard to them and to their cattle, homes and agricultural land and undue affection of air, water and environment. This judgment could be also considered in the context. This was first time such a question is coming before the Supreme Court. The first case on which the apex court had applied the doctrine of Sustainable Development was Vellore Citizen Welfare Forum vs. Union of India4 _____________________________________________________________________ AIR 1997 SC 374. (1987) Supp. SCC 487 AIR 1996 SC 2715. In the instant case, dispute arose over some tanneries in the state of Tamil Nadu. These tanneries were discharging effluents in the river Palar, which was the main source of drinking water in the state. This is considered to be the most important case as far as the evolving of the environmental law and the contribution of the Indian Supreme Court towards that direction. In this case the Judgment given by Justice Kuldip Singh is of utmost importance, he has observed in his judgment that the traditional concept that development and ecology are opposed to each other, is no longer acceptable. Sustainable Development is the answer. He goes on to explain about the development of Sustainable development as well accepted principle in the international level. Justice Kuldip Singh observes that We have no hesitation in holding that Sustainable Development as a balancing concept between ecology and development has been accepted as a part of the Customary International Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. While accepting Sustainable Development as the part of the environmental law of the land the reasoning given by Justice Kuldip Singh shows great power. Supreme Court has to make the law rather than just to interpret the law. Justice Kuldip Singh held that Once these [here sustainable development] principles are accepted as part of the customary International Law there would be no difficulty in accepting them as part of the domestic law. It is almost accepted proposition of law that the rule of customary International Law which are not contrary to the municipal law shall be deemed to have been incorporated in the domestic and shall be followed by the Courts of law. It was also observed Our legal system having been founded on the British Common Law the right of a person to pollution free environment is a part of the basis jurisprudence of the land. In T.N. Godavaraman Thimmalapad v Union of India5, the Supreme Court reiterated what have been said in the Vellore case and has declared that precautionary and sustainable development principles are two salutary principles that govern the law of the environment. In N.D. Jayal v. Union of India6, the Supreme Court has declared that the adherence to sustainable development is a sine qua non for the maintenance of Symbiotic balance between the right to development and development. This concept is an integral part of life under Article 21. _____________________________________________________________________ (2002) 10 SCC 606 at page 613 (2003) 6 SCC 572 at page 586 The ancillary principle of sustainable development developed by our Apex court : Inter-Generational Equity:- The principle talks about the right of every generation to get benefit from the natural resources. Principle 3 of the Rio declaration states that: The right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations. The main object behind the principle is to ensure that the present generation should not abuse the non-renewable resources so as to deprive the future generation of its benefit. This principle was used in the case of and has also been recognized by the Supreme Court of India in the M.C. Mehta -vs- Union of India (Taj Trapezium case)7. In State of Himachal Pradesh v. Ganesh Wood Products8, the Supreme Court invalidated forest- based industry, recognizing the principle of inter- generational equity as being central to the conservation of forest resources and sustainable development. The Court also noted in Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India (CRZ Notification case)9 that the principle would be violated if there were a substantial adverse ecological effect caused by industry. The Precautionary Principle : This principal has widely been recognized as the most important principle of Sustainable Development. Principle 15 the Rio declaration states that: In order to protect the environment, the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there are threats of serious of irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Polluter Pays Principle:- Principle 16 of the Rio declaration states that:National authorities should endeavor to promote the internalization of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting international trade and investment. The object of the above principle was to make the polluter liable not only for the compensation to the victims but also for the cost of restoring of environmental degradation. Once the actor is proved to be guilty, he is liable to compensate for his act irrelevant of the fact that whether he is involved in development process or not. _____________________________________________________________________ AIR 1997 SC 374. AIR 1996 SC 149 (1996) 5 SCC 281 The Supreme Court in various cases has held that the importance of having borrowed the precautionary principle and the polluter pay principle and these principles are now the law of the land. In the case of Vellore Citizen Welfare Forum vs. Union of India10 the Supreme Court through Justice Kuldip Singh had opined à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. We have no hesitation in holding that the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle are part of the environment law of the country. As elucidated in this case, precautionary principle includes the following points. Environmental measures by the State Government and the local authority must anticipate, prevent and attack the causes of environmental degradation. Where there are threats of serious and irreversible damage, lack of scientific certainty should not used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation. The onus of proof is on the actor or the developer to proof that his action is environmentally benign. In doing this Justice Kuldip Singh has actually looked into the constitutional provisions and statutory provisions. Justice Kuldip Singh goes on to say that even otherwise also this principles could be read into the law of the land this is by the way of reading the customary international law that is not in conflict with the domestic law shall be deemed to be the part of the domestic law. Balancing of Interest concept A very important jurisprudential concept of the Balancing of Interest concept could be actually used to evaluate the cases in which the Sustainable development concept is being used. In this process of interpretation, the Court is more concerned with weighing the competing values of a free society. In the course of rendering decisions, judges are to aim at accommodation or balance of societys conflicting interest. The very process of balancing competing social interests based on the constitutional values, demonstrates the essential similarities between judges and legislative character of the legislature. This again takes us into the realm of reality of the judicial law making. But it is of well acceptance that the court should not assume the role of a super-legislature. This is in another way described as judicial restraint. _____________________________________________________________________ AIR 1996 SC 2715 This principle of judicial self-restraint should not be stretched too far and too often to convert the court into a virtual rubber stamp of a legislature. The reason is that the concept of democracy includes provision of those rights, which make it possible for minorities to become majorities. A system that is founded on a doctrine such of the separation of powers and checks and balances necessarily calls for cooperation among governing institutions in policy making. A very relevant discussion regarding this will be imminent and this is Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India11 and for that matter all of the infrastructural projects and the related policy issues. In this case it was opined by the Supreme Court that In present case, we are not concerned with polluting industryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. what is being constructed is a large dam. The dam is neither a nuclear establishment nor polluting industry. The construction of a dam undoubtedly would result in the change of environment but it will not be correct to presume that the construction of a large dam like Sardar Sarovar will result in ecological disaster. The experience does not show that construction of a damà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦leads to ecological or environmental degradation. This signifies that the precautionary principle can be used only in the case of pollution and with reference to the Sustainable development Supreme Court observed that Sustainable development mea ns what type or extent of development can take place, which can be sustained by nature/ecology with or without mitigation. The courts have attempted to provide a balanced view of priorities while deciding environmental matters. As India is developing country, certain ecological sacrifices are deemed necessary, while keeping in mind the nature of the environmental in that area, and its criticality to the community. This is in order that future generations may benefit from policies and laws that further environment as well as developmental goals. Doctrine of Public trust: The applicant of the Professor Joseph Saxs doctrine of public trust is another important contribution by the Supreme Court of India. The doctrine of public trust calls for affirmative state action for effective management of resources and empowers the citizens to question ineffective management of natural resources. Chief Justice Y.K. Sabharwal points out that when the Supreme Court has applied the public trust doctrine, it has considered it not only as an international law concept, but also as one which is well established in our domestic legal system. _____________________________________________________________________ (2000) 10 SCC 664 In M.C. Mehta vs. Kamal Nath12 the Court held that the State, as a trustee of all natural resources, was under a legal duty to protect them, and that the resources were meant for public use and could not be transferred to private ownership. In the case of M.I. Builders Pvt. Ltd. vs Radhey Shyam Sahu13 it was observed by the Supreme Court that public trust doctrine have developed from the Article 21 of Constitution and is very much a part of the Indian legal jurisprudence. This again point towards the inevitability of the judicial legislation and as S.P. Sathe says that the Indian parliament have stopped legislating in the last two decades, naturally as an alternative people also started to look at Supreme Court as a institutional set up for the enforcement of their rights or rather as a sensible agency which could hear their problems. As Upendra Baxi says that the public interest (social action) litigation and the judicial activism had given the Supreme Court legitimacy to step into the shoes of the legislator and to make the law. The doctrine of public trust though borrowed from professor Joseph Sax is a real epitome of the creation of the new principle by the Supreme Court. The principles of sustainable development and its ancillary principles, like precautionary principle, polluter pay principle and the principle of inter-generational equity are further adopted in the latest judgment of the Supreme Court., namely, Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board-Vs- C. Kenchappa14 where the Apex Court clarified that there are two conditions which emanate from the principle of sustainable development :- The consequence and adverse impact of development on environment must be comprehended properly .It must be seen that the development activities does not cause irreparable loss to ecology of the area; The clearance of the project from the concerned pollution control boards and the Department of Forest and Environment must be made a mandatory condition for any developmental projects. In another recent case Intellectual Forum, Tirupathi-Vs- State of A.P. 15 the doctrine of Public Trust has been adopted your Apex Court as the integral part of the Indian Law. _____________________________________________________________________ (1997) 1 SCC 388 AIR 1999 SC 2468 AIR 2006 SC 2038 (2006) 3 SCC 552 Conclusion: From the above discussions it can be inferred that if we consider the era of globalization as a water shed then the role of Indian Judiciary in developing the environmental jurisprudence through its plethora of judgments may be divided in to two phases:- In the first phase in the pre-globalization stage i.e. just after the Bhopal Gas Disaster Case, 1984, our Apex Court has played a pro-active role in enforcing the environmental norms strictly in the light of the Stockholm Conference, 1972, without compromising with the interest of the industrialization and other socio economic problems of our country. Obviously such role of the Supreme Court created a conflict between the environment and development of the country. But in the second phase i.e. the post globalization stage, under the Brundtland Report, 1987 and Rio Declaration, 1992 the Indian Judiciary has made an adjustment with its earlier views and adopted different principles of sustainable development and attempted to resolve the conflict between interest of the corporate world environment. It is needless to say that such changing role of the Indian Courts paves the way of the multinational companies to come to our country due to the effect of the globalization. Actually, in the developing countries the industrialization is not the only cause of the environmental pollution. In the Stockholm Conference, 1972, the then Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi in her speech stated, that the environmental problems of the developing countries are not the side effects of the excessive industrialization but reflect the inadequacy of development. The rich countries may look upon the development as the cause of environmental destruction but to us it is not all the primary means of improving the environment for living, of providing food, water, sanitation and shelter. The ecological ground should not add to the burdens of the weaker nations by introducing new consideration in the political and trade policies of rich nations. It would be ironical if the fights against pollution were to be completed into another business, out of which a few companies, corporations or nations would make profit at the cost of many. In my view the apprehension of Mrs. Gandhi in her aforesaid statements is still relevant after passing 39 years of the Stockholm Conference. It is true that in order to eradicate the poverty an advance economic growth of the country, industrialization is necessary and for the said purpose the balance is to be created between the effect of industrialization and the environmental protection. We should welcome the said seminal work of the Indian Judiciary as long as it is beneficial for the common people. But side by side it is to be kept in mind that whether the role of our Apex Court in the era of globalization will ultimately benefits a large number of common people of our country or it will turn into an instrument in the hands of a few multinational companies for making their profit at the cost of the interest of the people of India.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Computer Laboratory Management System Essay

The Computer Lab or Computer Laboratory is obviously part of the institution like Schools and University. For the reason that there are several matters that uses computer like computing of data, creating documents and many other task that uses computers for faster data processing. At schools almost all courses are having computer related subject to learn about computers. Focusing to this topic Computer Laboratory comprised of several computers that connected to a network which a network is consist of collection of computers and other equipment that is connected together to communicate with each other. Samar College Inc. is one of the most fast growing and innovative institution in Catbalogan offering various courses for College degree. Along with its increasing community is the need of the students for more high quality resources particularly in computer laboratory. Computer laboratory is one of the facilities that had provided by Samar College to help students practice the theories that have been thought in lecture. At this instance computer laboratory needs management software in order to secure, obey the rolls inside the lab and uses its advantage. As a student’s conducting research it shows that it is more advantage if computer laboratories will use management software that will manage several tasks of instructors or some faculty of Samar College who uses the computer lab in teaching students and for some matters that uses Computer Laboratory. This management software will handles the task like access control, system security, student’s attendance and remote monitoring of system activities. In addition to this study the researchers also notice to use biometric device for faster data processing and to acquire the consistent and exact information in short period of time. Also biometric device will be very useful for this kind of research to apply its consistency, accuracy and the security of the system. Project Context The proposed System Computer Laboratory Manage System is a LAN-based system which will further increase the efficiency of learning, management and  student monitoring by using client-server approach. This system will benefit both the instructor and the student, as it simplifies common tasks in a normal PC-based classroom. The server, which is used by the instructor as a control device for communicating, provides several functions: automating class attendance; broadcasting laboratory work and announcement viewing and locking computer screens; and database reports. Purpose and Description of the Project The project was aimed at producing application software that can optimize the usage of a computer lab in Samar College. Several misbehavior patterns of students in using the computers will be identified; an effective management and monitoring style to be in place. Objectives of the Project General The general objective of this study is to develop a system that would handle the management and monitoring of Computer Laboratory in Samar College. A system that would lessen the unmannered use of computers, time consuming of turning off all computers, get rid of using computers if not in a schedule. Specific 1. To develop a system that would able the instructors to have access control of computers; 2. to develop a system that use biometric device to login student & instructors; 3. to produce an application software where the instructor is able to monitor the computer usage of the student; 4. to enable instructor to take attendance of the students effectively. Scope and Limitations of the Project Scope The propose study entitled Computer Laboratory Management System for Samar College scope is to employs client-server approach, developed by using .Net Technology, covers the management and monitoring of Computer Lab which  allows the instructors to monitor and tract students in using the computer. The Instructors can add, edit and delete students and instructors information, the instructor can print out the attendance of the students, students will be given allotted time to use the computer laboratory based on their schedule, the students can automatically log- on to the computer using biometric device. Limitation This system is limited to the students and instructors of Samar College use only; only instructors can use the server side of system and only the students can use the client-side of system. The instructors can send message to the students. Students are limited only to update and access a particular info that is available on the screen. Chapter II Review of Related Literature Related Literature / Theoretical Background The history of computer labs at colleges and universities is an ill-documented one. Books, articles, and websites can be found documenting the first mainframes put in place and the early years of computer science education. Computer labs, however, are rarely found described in the literature about computing in higher learning. Even less scholarly attention has been given to how students have used these labs. In some ways it appears the labs have quietly settled into the middle areas between personal computers and supercomputers as well as between class use and in-home use. Lab computers offer access to personal computing software and high-end specialized software. They are also utilized for academic needs similar to in-class use and entertainment like much computer use at home. Yet, while studies have been focused on computer use at the ends of these two spectrums, the university computer lab has unceremoniously bridged the gaps without garnering much attention. Chapter III Methodology Technical Background The researchers used VB.Net in developing the system since it’s the most applicable resources, the researchers also use biometric device for faster data processing and secure the use of the system. The system is composed of two categories which is the server side and the other one is client side. The server side will be the control or manage the entire system and only the teacher can use it. Client side is for the students. Details of the technologies to be used At this section describes and discuss the details of technologies used by the researcher. VB.Net Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is a multi-paradigm, high level programming language, implemented on the .NET Framework. Microsoft launched VB.NET in 2002 as the successor to its original Visual Basic language. Biometric Device the process by which a person’s unique physical and other traits are detected and recorded by an electronic device or system as a means of confirming identity. Xampp (/ˈzà ¦mp/ or /ˈɛks.à ¦mp/) is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack package, consisting mainly of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component of the widely used LAMP open source web application software stack (and other ‘AMP’ stacks). LAMP is an acronym for â€Å"Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python. How the project will work The system keeps and stores the data as well as provides a capacity for editing the student, instructors, and subject and schedules details if necessary. The system is compose of two categories which is the server-side that manage all the functionalities of the system and the other one is the client-side which used by the students to interact with the instructor or in order by the students to use the computer. A brief description of how the system works: Students and Teachers must logon in order to access the system, either using biometric scanner or by providing username and password at the login page.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Nurse ethics Essay

Ethics has become part of the nurses’ life when it comes to decision making and taking actions in the face of adversity or opportunity. Husted and Husted (2008, p.9) states that the patients has lost their power to take actions on their medical conditions due to the lack of knowledge in the health care settings. Hence, the healthcare providers are there to impart their skills and knowledge to treat the patient with the best care. This assignment would discuss how the medical decisions for A B who has undergone radical mastectomy are made using the model for ethical decision-making. A B’s husband suspects that there might be a spread of the tumors and informed the nurse in the out patient clinic not to mention to her if she had a spread of the tumor. A has the right to refuse to speak to the counselor and not to know in depth of her disease process. The ethical dilemma is in this case study is, whether the nurse should refrain herself from reveBng A’s progress on her condition. The second ethical dilemma is should A continue to restrain herself from speaking to her counselor. Yarbro, Frogge and Goodman (2005) states that the prognoses of patients with non invasive tumors will benefit from the mastectomy, however for patients who have invasive tumors are at probability for relapse. After the mastectomy operation the patients are at risk of wound infection, flap necrosis and seroma formation. Yabro et al. (2005) also mentioned that although breast cancer in young women is a rare condition, the disease is more aggressive biologically and has unfavorable prognosis as compared to older women. In most of the conditions, radiation therapy or chemotherapy is given to reduce the chances of relapses and to increase the chance of survival. This shows that there is high chance for A to have a relapse and that she is also highly at risk for depression due to her medial condition, and the altered body image. Mastectomy causes emotional distress and that is advisable to seek a counselor or a social worker to express the feelings which aids in recovery (Mills, 2006, p.561). In a research done on emotions of patients after mastectomy found that patients who have undergone mastectomy experienced is similar feelings to those of bereavement. Anxiety, denial and tension leading to stress are commonly found after post operation of mastectomy patients .The research further elaborates that the role of the patient in social, sexual and interpersonal is altered thus affecting the individual physically and mentally (Farooqi, 2005, p.270). Having so many mental and physical conflicts, A should seek help from the counselors and allow herself to express her thoughts so that she is able to cope with the situation. By doing so, she will be able to see things positively and have the courage to move on. Keeping in mind that she has two children, A will also need to make the necessary arrangements for the children in terms of financial, social and physical needs. National University Hospital (n.d) states that patients have the right to know information about their treatment and care plan and to participate in decision-making about their treatment care and their discharge. A has the right to know her treatment plan. She will not be able to see the broader picture of her condition and will remain in depression thinking that it is the end of the world if she remains unaware. When help is provided, she will be highly motivated to move on. Respect for autonomy is the fundamental rule of clinical ethics. It is defined as an individual right to make a decision without having interferences by others and personal limitations. Healthcare providers should educate and guide the patients so that they can understand the medical condition and will be able to make decisions. Patients have the right to seek consent for their medical treatment and to disclose information about their medical condition to them (Pantilat, 2008). Therefore, the nurse should inform A regarding the spread of the cancer, if there is, so that she will be able to make a rightful decision on her treatment. This is supported by AustrBan Nursing and Midwifery Council (AMNC) (2006), Code of Professional Conduct, Conduct Statement 7; nurses are required to inform the patient of the nature and purpose of recommended nursing care to assist the patient to make informed decisions. However, the husband had mentioned not to inform A about the spread to prevent their marriage from getting worst. By listening to the husband’s point of views, there are chances of saving their marriage and it benefits A and her family. Beneficence Beneficence is explained has an action done to promote good for others. An obligatory act to assist patients based on their importance and legitimate interests (Beauchamp & Childress, as cited in Parker & Dickenson, 2010, p.195). In the case study, it is said that A is very stressful and that she does not want to talk about her disease to the counselors. If the nurse listens to the husbands instruction, A’s stress level will not be added on and thus doing good for her. On the other hand, if A is not told about the disease and how much the counselors wanted to help her. The more she will pull herself back and may decide not to have any further treatment. These will deteriorate her condition. SNB Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Value Statement 7 states that clients’ best interests must be taken care of (SNB, 2006 p. 8). Non-maleficence is a principal that requires not inflicting harm to the patients. Before being ethically reasonable in trying to help the genuine interest, the nurse must be very certain of doing no harm. Aiken (2004), non-maleficence demands that health care providers defend from harm to those who cannot protect themselves. SNB Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Value Statement 5.1 and AustrBan Nursing & Midwifery Council (ANMC) Code of Ethics for Nurses in AustrBa Value Statement 1 both supports that nurses should safeguard the health and safety of their clients against incompetent, unethical or illegal practices. In A’s case, there is no evident that she is in a state of unsound mind or there that she wants her husband to decide for her. Therefore A should be informed of a disease process and allow herself to speak to the counselors. If A is not told the truth, the nurse is indirectly inflicting harm for the patient as she owes a duty of care. Yeo, Moorhouse, Khan and Rodney (2010, p.293) mentioned that justice is the wider sense of fairness, whereby everyone should be treated fairly and equally based on the individual or groups entitlements. Every patient would want know how much their condition has improved or deteriorated. In A case, she deserves to be treated and to know her prognosis as this allows her to have time to make arrangements in her social life. She may not want to talk about her disease to the counselor but there might be someone whom she feels comfortable in opening up. As her care providers, the team of healthcare professionals should find out the details and provide her with the best care possible. There is no evidence that A is in a state of unsound mind and that she has given her rights to her husband to make decisions on behalf of her. Therefore it is Madam Aminiah’s right to know her condition and to discuss her treatment plan. Although by breaking the news A would be distressed but it is the responsibility of the practitioners to give her an opportunity to participate in the decision making even if it has to involve a third party with A’s approval. After making discussions with A, she decides that her husband will be the only decision maker, he will be the surrogate decision maker (University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, n.d) and we should respect her decision. Butts and Rich (2013) mentioned that a better ethical approach to patient care is by providing truthful information at the same time keeping the patient composed and educating her successful ways to manage her condition. Although by not telling A the truth may save her marriage life and benefit her family. The rights of the patients should not be violated. When patient right are being violated, the nurse is at risk of causing harm. SNB Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Value Statement 2 emphasize the mandate of respect and support clients’ autonomy. Value Statement 7 requires nurses to defend those clients who may be vulnerable and incapable of protecting their own interests and to be an advocate in the best interest of their clients. Everyone is considered innocent until proven guilty. The approved investigators must collect enough evidences to visibly convince Nursing commission members that a violation had occurred. Under the Patients’ Right (Scotland) Act 2011, section 3, states that patient has the right to know about their condition and to make decision relating to the patient’s health and well being. As nurses, we should not refrain ourselves from telling the patient the truth unless stated. This is vastly supported by SNB Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, value statement 2 Respect and promotes client’s autonomy. Therefore the nurse could be liable for professional misconduct under the Nurses and Midwives Act 2012, Chapter 209. Although A is in a stressful situation, there is no evident that her stress is allowing her to loose her rights in making decision for her disease. A is still in a state of sound mind and therefore her rights should not be violated unless she has agreed for her husband to decide for her or she showed signs and symptoms of unsound mind. This case is indeed an ethical challenge faced by the health care professionals. The author’s decision is to inform the patient on her current condition. If A is to have a spread, it’s her right to know so that she could make the right decision. This decision is supported by AustrBan Nursing and Midwifery Council, (AMNC, 2008) conduct statement 7; Nurses support the health, wellbeing and informed decision making of people requiring or receiving care. However, the physician will be the best person to break the news. Sullivan (2011) mentioned that health information is compulsory for the patient and it is the ethical and legal obligation of the physician to communicate that information so that patients can make decisions. The patient has the right to a diagnosis and, if consented to, the physician has a duty to treat. Therefore the author will update the team doctors. When A had decided to allow her husband to be her decision maker, than her rights will be respected. In A’s case, a family conference would help to resolve not only her medical issue but also her social issue. The team doctors will have to document the decision in the treatment and progress notes Medical records are legal documentations that are extremely essential and serve as a means of communication in the health care industry. When there is systemic documentation of patient’s medical history and the treatment provided are recorded, it may benefit when used as an evident in the court (Judson & Harrison, 2013, p. 196). ANMC National Competency Standards for Registered Nurse, statement 6.3 and 8 both highlight that documentation of care plan must bring about towards achieving expected outcome based on continuity of assessment and to be transparent (ANMC, 2006, p. 5 & 6). A’s decision should be clearly documented on the progress notes highlighting the issues of her decision maker and the treatment recommended to her. Situations that offer ethical dilemmas are common in the healthcare industry. In such situations, it is critical to consider not only the standard regulations, but also the professional code of ethics within the profession. To avoid any legal implication, the medial and nursing team should be mindful of their care provided without violating patient’s interest.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Should Fracking Be Used For Money For Traditional Sources...

This house believes that fracking should be used to compensate for traditional sources of fossil fuels in the UK in the next 40 years. I am arguing against this motion from a social and environmental angle. Introduction: In order to comply with the goal to cut traditional fossil fuel consumption by 2050, the UK needs to turn to alternative types of energy. Fracking is a method of extracting shale gas from deep within the earth’s surface, by injecting large quantities of water at very high pressures. This water is mixed with chemicals, in order to free the gas by breaking down the shale within sedimentary rocks (Goodwin 2014). These rocks are impermeable, the gas cannot flow through it, and so it needs extracting via fracking. Currently†¦show more content†¦Fracking shouldn’t be used to compensate for traditional sources of fossil fuels as the UK already undergoes water crisis during periods with little rainfall. As a result of global warming, less frequent but more intense precipitation events are expected to occur, preventing groundwater supplies recharging because once the ground becomes saturated no more water can penetrate. Using millions of gallons of water per well is lik ely to result in aquifer depletion, as the rate of precipitation and runoff cannot replace the groundwater supplies used in fracking (Finelka, 2013). This could cause a competition for water, with different resource users wanting supplies for what they deem most important (Homme, 2014). Fracking companies will want the water for shale gas extraction but farmers will want it for agriculture and homeowners for cooking and drinking. Using the water supplies for fracking isn’t right when water is a vital necessity for human survival, whether it is for crop growth or drinking. We need to prioritise our water usage, and using millions of gallons of water for shale gas extraction isn’t more important than basic necessities. Fracking supporters argue recycled wastewater or brackish water could be used rather than clean water, but this isn’t always available in the quantities needed and in 2011 this only counted for 1/5 of the water